ICT - Excersice9 : Application Software

   Types of Application Software

NO	STATEMENT	TRUE	FALSE
1	Calc, Excel, and Quattro Pro are examples of spreadsheet software.
2	AppleWorks, Microsoft Office, and StarOffice are examples of software suites.
3	Corel Presentations, Microsoft PowerPoint, Sun StarOffice Impress are examples of presentation software.
4	Adobe Photoshop, CorelDraw, and The Gimp are examples of graphics editing software.
5	WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, and StarOffice Writer are examples of word processing software.
6	PowerPoint, Corel Draw, and The Gimp are examples of presentation software.
7	Quattro Pro, StarOffice Writer, and Microsoft Word are examples of word processing software.
8	AppleWorks, Microsoft Excel, and StarOffice Calc are examples of spreadsheet software.
9	CorelDraw, Freehand, and Quattro Pro are examples of graphics editing software.

  Usage of Application Software

NO	STATEMENT	TRUE	FALSE
1	Word processing software allows users to create slide shows that are displayed on a large monitor or a projection screen.
2	A presentation software allows users to insert images, video and audio clips in their presentation.
3	Charting is one of the features of a spreadsheet program.
4	Word processing software can perform all the complex calculations exactly the same as a spreadsheet software.
5	Word processing software has a what if analysis feature.
6	PowerPoint, Corel Draw, and The Gimp are examples of presentation software.
7	Quattro Pro, StarOffice Writer, and Microsoft Word are examples of word processing software.
8	AppleWorks, Microsoft Excel, and StarOffice Calc are examples of spreadsheet software.
9	CorelDraw, Freehand, and Quattro Pro are examples of graphics editing software.
10	Spreadsheet software is suitable for creating worksheets, such as invoices, income expense reports, balance sheets, and loan payment schedule.
11	Spreadsheet software has a very limited functionality in calculation
12	Editing a document involves correcting the spelling mistakes, if any, deleting or moving words, sentences or paragraphs.
13	Word processing software does not allow the user to mix  graphical pictures with text.
14	A spreadsheet is simply a table or matrix of rows and columns, Very similar to accounting journal.
15	The major difference between an electronic spreadsheet and an accounting journal is the enhanced flexibility, speed and accuracy provided by an electronic spreadsheet.
16	Word count can be generated in word processing software.

ICT - Notes : Application Software

Application Software

—is a computer program that performs a particular function for the user.

—includes all programs that perform specific tasks such as word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, e-mail and Web browsing

—enables a user to display and interact with text, images, and other information on a web page.

Types & Usage of Application Software

Types of Application	Usages of Application
1)WORD PROCESSING A word processing program is an office application that enables users to create, edit, format and print textual documents. It also offers commands that enable users to format a document so that they can create an attractive appearance.	-        Allows users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics. -       It provides the ability to create, check spelling, edit and format a document on the screen before printing it to paper. -       Can be used to produce documents such as letters, memos, reports, fax cover sheets, mailing labels, newsletters, and web pages. -       Examples of word processing software are Microsoft Word, StarOffice Writer, TexMaker and Corel WordPerfect. -       Some features of word processing include the capability of creating and editing document defining the size of paper on which to print and specifying the margin changing the shape and size of characters organising texts in newsletter-style columns incorporating many types of graphical images typing words in a paragraph continually without processing the ENTER key at the end of each line reviewing the spelling of a document (spelling checker) inserting header and footer in a document drawing tables of any size or shape.
2) SPREADSHEET A spreadsheet is a program that processes information in the form of grid of columns and rows. It is also called a table. Table cells can hold values or mathematical formulas. Spreadsheets are indispensable tools for anyone who works with numbers.	-       Spreadsheet software is an application that allows users to organise and manipulate data in rows and columns. It produces worksheets that require repetitive calculations – budgeting, maintaining a grade book, balancing accounts, tracking investment, calculating loan payments, estimating project costs and preparing financial statements. -       Some features of spreadsheet include: creating, editing and formatting worksheet in rows and columns containing formulas which can perform calculations on the data in the worksheet making charts, which depicts the data graphically such as column charts or pie charts what-if analysis, the ability of recalculating the rest of the worksheet when data in a worksheet changes.
3) PRESENTATION A presentation software enables users to create transparencies, slides and handouts for presentation. It allows a user to create visual aids for presentation to communicate ideas, messages and other information to a group.	-       Presentation software is an application that allows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages and other information to an audience. -       Examples of presentation software are Microsoft PowerPoint, StarOffice Impress and CorelDraw. -       Some features of presentation software include: providing a variety of predefined presentation formats that define the complementary colours for backgrounds, text and graphical accents on the slides providing a variety of layouts for each individual slide such as a title slide, a two-column slide and a slide with clip art, a picture, a chart, a table or animation enhancing text, charts and graphical images on a slide with 3-D and other special effects such as shading, shadows and textures setting the slide timing so that the presentation automatically displays the next slide after a preset delay applying special effects to the transition between each slide inserting images, video and audio clips
4) GRAPHICS EDITING Graphics editing is a program that can edit digital representation or non-text information such as drawings, charts or photographs.	-       Graphics software is an application that allows users to work with drawings, photos and pictures. It provides the users the ability of creating, manipulating and printing graphics. Examples of graphics software are Microsoft Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Corel Painter and Macromedia Fireworks. -       Some features of graphics software include: drawing pictures, shapes and other graphical images with various onscreen tools such as a pen, brush, eyedropper and paint bucket modifying the contrast and brightness of an image cropping unwanted objects removing “red eye” adding special effects such as shadows and glows

ICT - Notes : Introduction to Binary Coding

ICT - Notes : Data Representation

ICT - Notes : Introduction to computer systems

ICT - Exercise8 : Operating System (OS)

Operating System

1. An operating system is _____________

A a program designed to assist users with personal task

B a program that allows a user to perform maintenance type task

C a program that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its device

D a set of programs that coordinates all the data transmissions among computer in a network

2. Multitasking is __________

A working on two or more programs at the same time

B working on two or more computers at the same time

C two or more users using a computer at the same time

D two or more processors working on a program at the same time

3. A user is turning on a computer that has been completely powered off. The user is performing a .

A reboot ___________.

B hot boot

C cold boot

D warm boot

4. A user is using the operating system facilities to restart a computer. The user is performing a ________________

A hot boot

B cold boot

C driver boot

D warm boot

5. In the process of installing new software, the installation automatically restarts the computer after prompting the user. This is called __________

A cold boot

B install boot

C warm boot

D software boot

6. Which of the following statements explains how the operating system provides user interface correctly?

A Controlling how users collect data.

B There are two types of user interfaces.

C Controlling how information is displayed.

D Command driven is a type of user interface.

7. Which of the following statements is the correct function of an operating system?

A Managing data.

B Installing devices.

C Configuring user interfaces.

D Booting the application software.

8. A small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device is called .

A device driver

B operating driver

C system driver

D device system

9. Which of the following statements explains Plug and Play correctly?

A A new printer does not need configuration.

B A printer does not need to be plugged in to print.

C An operating system automatically configures the new printer as it is installed.

D An operating system automatically turns on the printer as the user gives instruction to print.

10. Which kind of software enables a computer and its peripheral devices to function smoothly?

A. System

B. Application

C. Defragmentation

D. File management

ICT - Notes : Operating System (OS)

OPERATING SYSTEM

1) An operating system is a set of programs that schedule tasks, allocates storage and presents a default interface to the user between applications. Many of the first operating systems were device-dependent and proprietary.

The functions of the operating systems are:

 starting a computer

 providing a user interface

 managing data and programs

 managing memory

 configuring devices

2) A device-dependent program is the one that runs only on a specific make of a computer.

3) Proprietary software is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer.

4) An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among the computer hardware devices. In most cases, the operating system is installed and resides on the computer’s hard disk.

5) However, on handheld computers and many mobile devices such as PDAs and smart phones, the operating system may reside on a ROM chip.

6) The operating system that a computer uses sometimes is called the platform.

EXAMPLE OF OPERATING SYSTEM :

i) Linux is a freely distributed UNIX, it is a compatible operating system for PCs and a number of other processors.

ii) Mac OS X is a multitasking operating system that is the latest version of the Macintosh operating system.

iii) UNIX is an operating system, or family of operating systems, developed at Bell Laboratories in early 1970sas a replacement for an earlier system called Multics.

iv) Windows XP is the latest version of the Windows operating system, which is Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system.

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

1) STARTING THE COMPUTER

- The first function of an operating system is to start the computer. When we start a computer, it loads the operating system into the computer's memory. This process is called booting. Booting means to load and initialize the operating system on a computer machine. It can happen in two ways: warm boot or cold boot.

i) WARM BOOT

A warm boot means restarting a computer that is already on.It normally happens after installing a new software or hardware or after an application crashes or stops working.

ii) COLD BOOT

A cold boot means starting a computer that is already off. It happens when we turn on a computer that has been completely powered off.

2) PROVIDING A USER INTERFACE

- From the user's perspective, the most important function of an operating system, is providing the user interface. This function controls how the user enters data and instruction and how information is displayed.

- The user interface typically enables users:

 to start an application program

 to manage disks and files such as formatting, copying and renaming

 to shut down the computer safely by following the correct procedures

- The three types of user interface are Command-Line, Menu-Driven and Graphical User Interface (GUI).

3) MANAGING DATA AND PROGRAMS

- The next function of an operating system is to manage dataand programs. When we start an application, the CPU loads the application from storage into memory.

- In the early days of personal computing, single-taskingoperating systems could run only one application at a time.

- Multitasking operating systems enable users to work withtwo or more application programs at the same time.

4) MANAGING MEMORY

- The computer's operating system is responsible for managing memory such as:

 optimizing the use of random access memory (RAM)

 allocating data and instruction to an area of memory while being processed

 monitoring the contents of memory

 releasing data and instructions from being monitored in memory when the process is done

5) CONFIGURING DEVICES

- Another function of an operating system is handling input and output, as well as enabling communication with input and output devices. Most operating systems come with drivers for popular input and output devices.

- These drivers install new devices and check whenever there is conflict with these devices.

THE IMPORTANCE OF USER INTERFACES

- The user interface is the part of an operating system that you see and interact with and by which users and programs communicate with each other.

- The importance of user interfaces are:

 to assist users interacting with a software

 to control how a user enters data and instructions

 to control how information is displayed

1) COMMAND-LINE USER INTERFACE

- The command-line user interface requires a user to type commands or press special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions that instruct the operating system what to do. It has to be typed one line at a time.

- The command-line user interface is difficult to use because it requires exact spelling, syntax or a set of rules of entering commands and punctuation.

- We must observe the complicated rules of syntax that specify exactly what you can type in a given place.For example, if we want to rename a filename from ABC.txt to DEF.txt we use the following command.

- The command-line user interface also requires memorisation. It is also easy to make a typing mistake. The advantage of command-line interface is, it helps the user to operate the computer quickly after memorizing the keywords and syntax.

2) MENU DRIVEN INTERFACE

- Menu-driven user interface enables the user to avoid memorizing keywords such as copy, paste and syntax. On-screen, menu-driven interface provide menus as means of entering commands. It shows all the options available at a given point in a form of text-based menu. Menu-driven user interfaces are easy to learn.

3) GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

- Graphical user interface makes use of the computer’s graphics capabilities to make the operating system and programs easier to use, which is also called ‘user-friendly’. On today’s PCs and Macintoshes, GUIs are used to create the desktop that appears after the operating system finishes loading into memory.

- We can easily differentiate the interfaces between Mac OS, Windows XP or Linux by looking at their desktops. Graphical user interface interact with menus and visual images such as buttons, icons and other graphical objects to issue commands.

- On the desktop, we can initiate many actions by clicking icons that represent computer resources such as files, programs and network connections. Graphical user interface is commonly used and has become a standard.